1. Do you believe you have what it takes?
We don't mean personal characteristics -- or not just personal characteristics, anyway. Do you believe you have all the skills, energy, money, people, and knowledge to start a business? Founders who carefully identify and evaluate their resources in pursuit of a well-defined goal display "entrepreneurial self-efficacy," a trait many academics believe to be the best predictor of success.
2. Are you able to let other people down?
A founder may set out in a rowboat, but pretty soon, he is piloting a cabin cruiser with investors and employees on board and their families huddled belowdecks. Risking your own fortunes is easy compared with risking the fortunes of those who believe in you. "These people may not completely understand the business," says J. Robert Baum, an associate professor of entrepreneurship at the University of Maryland. "They may not understand the level of risk. But they think they'll be OK because you are so smart. Breaking their dreams is very painful."
3. How do you handle setbacks?
When you are smiling, the whole company smiles with you. In their book Resonant Leadership: Renewing Yourself and Connecting With Others Through Mindfulness, Hope, and Compassion, Richard Boyatzis and Annie McKee explain that emotions are contagious: Morale rises and falls with the mood of the leader. Consequently, people who succumb to black moods or depression can fatally infect their own companies.
Because some people have an inflated idea of their resilience, Mayer suggests performing a kind of reference check on yourself -- ask people who know you well how you handle adversity.
4. Are you really an inventor, rather than an entrepreneur?
Raising a child is generally more challenging than creating a child, and the same is true of new products. Some people mistake the act of invention for the tough part. "Too many times, these inventor types spend an inordinate amount of time on the patent and making the prototype just so," says Mike Drummond, editor in chief and co-owner of Inventors Digest. "They think once they've done that, the world will beat a path to their doorstep. My take is that product development is a team sport. Inventors don't get that. Entrepreneurs do."
5. Can you accept that your company may outgrow you?
Some entrepreneurs love to brag that they don't need an exit strategy, because they are not going anywhere. But at some point, your business may need you less than you need it. That's particularly true at fast-growth companies, at which entrepreneurs may not have enough time to develop the necessary leadership and business skills. Mayer has seen founders bring in presidents or senior executives from the outside, only to sabotage them. "They do it by not giving them the necessary information," says Mayer. "They do it by not stepping back and by involving themselves with managers in a way that is inappropriate in the chain of command. They can be disruptive during meetings."
6. When you look in the mirror, does an entrepreneur look back?
If so, and if that's the reason you are starting a company, beware. Many traits -- persistence, creativity, and risk tolerance among them -- are commonly ascribed to entrepreneurs. But having those traits doesn't much improve the odds that you will succeed. "Research into entrepreneurs' personal traits says things like persistence and need for achievement explain only about 5 percent to 10 percent" of the difference between people who start companies and those who don't, according to Baum. "They are less important than external predictors like the spirit of the times, the economy, and changes within an industry.
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